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Infertility Causes > Man > Semen Analysis Overview - Evaluation - Treatment Options - DiagnosisCAUSES OF ABNORMAL SPERM COUNTS Heat: Sperm production is sensitive to heatCso sensitive, in fact, that placing the testicles at normal body temperature on a chronic basis stops sperm production altogether. The temperature in the testicles is about four degrees lower than body temperature. Anything that tends to keep the temperature in the testicles elevated for long periods of time will likewise have a negative effect. Excessive use of hot tubs or saunas or maybe even prolonged and heavy exercise may decrease sperm production and motility. One example often cited of an occupational exposure to excessive heat is truck drivers or farmers who often work long, hot hours in heavy clothing such as blue jeans. Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Nonprescription Drugs: Cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse adversely affect sperm counts and sperm function. This is not to imply that having a beer or two on the weekend needs to be avoided, but significant alcohol intake can have a very significant effect. In short, if you drink, do so in moderation. If you smoke, QUIT. Illicit drugs definitely affect sperm counts. Marijuana and cocaine are the prime examples of drugs that interfere with sperm production. Anabolic steroid use is also well known to decrease sperm production. Prescription Drugs, Infections and Illnesses: Certain medications may also have a negative effect. Sulfasalazine (used for ulcerative colitis), cimetidine (used for ulcers), and calcium-channel blockers (used for high blood pressure) alter sperm production and function. The use of any medication on a chronic basis should be brought to the attention of your physician. Prenatal exposure to DES (diethylstilbestrol, a hormone used in the past to help prevent miscarriage) can dramatically decrease sperm production. Certain infections, such as mumps contracted after puberty, have been clearly shown to dramatically affect sperm counts. Others, such as the presence of white cells in a semen analysis in a man who is otherwise asymptomatic are less clear, but treatment is probably indicated and may result in some improvement. Chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, are important. Prior treatment for cancer by surgery, radiation or chemotherapy can also be significant. Other causes: Obviously, a history of a prior vasectomy is important. There may be increased antibody production in men who have had a prior vasectomy and a reversal. The same may be true in individuals who have experienced significant injuries to the testicles. Finally, does chronic stress have a negative impact? Maybe! Long-term, high-stress situations can lead to a decrease in testosterone production, and possibly in sperm production. © 2005 Jarrett Fertility Group |
